Sunday, December 8, 2013

Research Paper

Aubrey Harris
Professor Teresa Boyer
English 115
18 November 2013
Light Pollution
            Light Pollution is a serious matter which citizens, particularly graveyard shift workers and night wanderers, should look at carefully. It’s come time that everyone stop and simply bask in the destruction that we have caused for our own personal benefit. Now some may wonder why something that isn’t visible to the naked eye can be such a gigantic problem; well I’m here to tell you that all pollution must be taken into serious consideration. Although this destruction may not harm the environment let alone individuals right away it has drastic effects that can damage not only human kind, but the planet over time. Light Pollution includes the several lights we leave on knowing they won’t be needed anytime soon, as well as the several extravagant lights that can manipulate night to appear as bright as day. Our own precautions have become a double-edged sword where the security of sight is granted, but the consequences to the planet and people are dire. As inhabitants of this planet we must be more aware of the toxins we produce that cloud the sky in order to save a life and stop the destruction of the beauty of this world. We can “save the world” by eliminating light pollution.
            Now let’s go deeper into the vast setbacks that we’ve created for ourselves. The rays from artificial lights are as deadly as being exposed to X Rays without the lead cover. The International Dark-Sky Association from the Physical Effects of Light also believes that people who are exposed to this lighting have higher health risks by stating that “The hypothesis (first proposed by cancer epidemiologist Richard G. Stevens) is based on cancer rates becoming higher as nations become more industrialized- increased artificial lighting is a common consequence of industrialization.” This shows that even though harm isn’t physically shown in the first stages there will be dire consequences to those who have to pull a later shift in order to make ends meet.
            Medical professionals will agree that the disruptive force of light pollution eventually causes cancer. Anisimov from Light Pollution, Reproductive Function and Cancer Risk said “Disruption of the circadian rhythms induced by light pollution has been associated with cancer in humans. There are epidemiological evidences of increased breast and colon cancer risk in shift workers.” So much for being a harmless sky glow, right folks? Unfortunately, that’s not the only thing that goes bump in the night; when left burning a light bulb wastes energy and creates greenhouse gases, otherwise known as carbon dioxide. Don’t just take my word for it listen to Bob Mizon from Light Pollution: Responses and Remedies: “The fact that a 100W bulb left burning for a year causes about a quarter of a ton of carbon dioxide to be emitted by the power station gives pause for thought”(45). As time goes by the greenhouse gases will envelop the Earth, adding to the already devastating effects of global warming.
Recently I’ve come across a picture that shows the difference between one city filled with pollution and one more towards the country side that doesn’t use excess amounts of electricity and lighting. The difference between the two stuck to me like glue as the town using less electricity had a better view of the night sky and showed no sign of being affected by the toxins of artificial light. It’s not as if unplugging unnecessary electronics and setting back street lights to hours where they are absolutely needed will strain anyone’s time or schedule. This one simple action will result in a positive situation where the sky can be somewhat clear, or at least stop thickening in smog and other various dark coverings. With that being said, we can also use this opportunity to save people from winding up in the poor house.
Artificial lights disrupt the ecosystem’s function by altering the patterns of light in space as well as the wavelengths in space and time. Things such as neon, sport, and street lights may be helpful for various reasons, but the aftereffects will eventually become the sky’s downfall. Due to recent research we’ve come to the realization that the impact of light pollution affects the thresholds of space itself, showing the dangers of using too much light for simple matters outside and wasting electricity inside as well. Kevin Gaston from Biological Reviews said it best when he stated “As artificial lighting alters natural patterns of light in space, time and across wavelengths, natural patterns of resource use and information flows may be disrupted, with downstream effects to the structure and function of ecosystems.” Such effects on space can make it hard for astronomers to do any research; let alone find a place to perform their work.
 Due to the effects of light pollution observatories are becoming obsolete with no place to fully grasp the wonders of space. With few places that show space astronomers and astronauts could be at risk of losing their jobs adding to the ongoing struggling job market. Merle F. Walker Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific proved that this is an issue that must be addressed with this key note in their article “It is concluded that the effectiveness of all major observatories in California and Arizona are limited by light pollution. Consequently, it is essential immediate procedures be undertaken” (508). Light pollution not only effects the job market for already experienced astronomers and astronauts, but for teachers and future students as well. Like the others in the profession Astronomy teachers will soon have no place to work, and with no place to work these workers will become obsolete. Ultimately, we will lose an entire department of education wasting the great minds of thousands of individuals.
            A progression map provides evidence that the US will continue to waste electricity and soon the entire nation will be enveloped in light pollution by 2025. Now this isn’t the type of pollution we are used to today; it goes to an astronomical scale where there would be no possible idea that we had night to begin with. I’d simply hope that if we get to the point of no return certain areas such as national parks and animal sanctuaries would have a small view of clear starlit sky.
            There are several solutions to eliminating light pollution than the obvious turning off the lights alternative. With more involvement from manufacturers an alternative to the street lights we use today can be made. Flat-glass road lights evenly distribute light onto the surface of the street while not going up into the sky, which is all at the same cost as the original. Local authorities and legislators can also take part by creating measures that will reduce light pollution with a strict enforcement of the law. These laws would apply to residential and commercial areas along with areas of nature conservation interest. With more education on light pollution the people will understand that this affects everyone visible or not.
            Every action has equal or greater reaction no matter how small it may seem. This action of misuse of light is tearing the very fabric of space. The fact of the matter is the world’s beauty is slowly fading; like a pearl that lacking in luster. Earth and its inhabitants are being cut off of all of the things that make it thrive from water, to glaciers, to trees, all the way to the great visions of beauty that were given to us since birth. Now’s the time to take a look at the constant destruction we have done to this planet for our own benefit; mostly it’s the time for action and not words so the children can have a brighter tomorrow and not one filled with artificial lights. Let’s give a hoot and not pollute it could make a substantial difference for the economy let alone the world.

Works Cited
Anisimov, VN.. "Result Filters." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National
Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 1 Dec. 2013. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1664
Gaston, Kevin J., et al. "The Ecological Impacts of Nighttime Light Pollution: A Mechanistic
Appraisal." Biological Reviews 88.4 (2013): 912-927. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6
Nov. 2013.
Merle F. Walker Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 85, No. 507
(October 1973), pp. 508-519 Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of
The Astronomical Society of the Pacific. Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40675430
Mizon, Bob. Light pollution: responses and remedies. London: Springer, 2002. Print.
International Dark-Sky Association. "Physical Effects of Light." Fighting Light Pollution: Smart
            Lighting Solutions for Individuals and Communities. 1st ed. Mechanicsburg, PA:

Stackpole, 2012. 20-22. Print.

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